119

The day the people who answer 911 become the call the system has to answer.

13 named cases · 7 fatal Every figure labelled: official / industry / survey / allegation Sources linked at the foot of the page
Sentinel Events Time on this page: 0:00

A sentinel event is the industry's own term for a safety event that kills or seriously harms. These are its rates.

Every ~36 seconds, something on this wall happens.

Combined pace of the two official streams tracked here: BLS workplace-violence DART cases (20,980/yr) + AHRQ hospitalized patients who fall (700,000–1,000,000/yr; ~36 seconds at the midpoint, 31–44 across the range). The counters below stay separate — different sources, different units, never merged.

36:18
Until the next healthcare worker is hurt by violence badly enough to miss work — Bureau of Labor Statistics cadence: one every ~36 minutes.
Live countdown, resetting each cycle · BLS workplace-violence factsheet 2021–22, days away from work (DAFW): 14,485 cases/yr
0
Workplace-violence cases since you opened this page.
DART: days away, job transfer, or restriction · BLS 2021–22 · one every ~25 minutes (20,980/yr)
0
Patients who have fallen since you opened this page.
AHRQ estimate: 700,000–1,000,000 patients fall every year — more than a third are injured. Counter ticks at the range midpoint, ~every 37 seconds.
0
Patients injured in a fall since you opened this page.
Derived from AHRQ's figures — more than one-third of falls cause injury · ~every 1.8 minutes at the range midpoint
0
Assaults on nursing staff since you opened this page — in the sample's facilities alone.
Industry sample (Press Ganey, Q2 2022) — participating facilities only · 5,217 assaults in one quarter across 483 facilities, one every ~25 minutes

It doesn't stop on its own. November 9 — Leelamma Day — nurses stand at 1:19 PM Eastern, the same instant coast to coast, for eleven minutes and nine seconds. Check in if you're standing: license, state, city.

~28 min
One US healthcare worker injured by violence, days away from work — 2023–24 cadence
Official · BLS
72.8%
Of private-industry workplace-violence DART cases happen in health care & social assistance
Official · BLS 2021–22
4.9×
Healthcare's violence-injury rate vs. the all-industry rate (14.2 vs. 2.9 per 10,000 full-time workers)
Official · BLS 2021–22
700K–1M
Hospitalised patients fall each year in the US — AHRQ's estimate; more than a third of in-hospital falls cause injury
Official · AHRQ

It's not a shortage. It's a walkout.

They knew. That's the part they don't want said out loud — they knew, and they staffed anyway.

This page is the record. Names. Dates. Their own numbers.

Read it. Then decide what a nurse is worth.

NOVEMBER 9 — LEELAMMA DAY

1:19 PM Eastern. The same instant, coast to coast.

Eleven minutes and nine seconds. Something the whole staff can do.

We don't need an hour. They already know what they are doing.

PART 1

The names

Thirteen nurses, named, 2017–2026 — twelve dated to the day; one (Paige Campbell) is dated to the year only, because that is all her reporting gives — killed or seriously injured by patients or visitors in US care settings. Read down the line and the pattern assembles itself: the attacker was a known risk in at least six cases, the nurse was alone in case after case, and weapons walked past security again and again. Each entry separates what is documented from what is alleged in a lawsuit — because the record only holds if every entry is honest.

Showing all 13 cases, in date order.

Elise Wilson , 65

14 JUN 2017
Harrington Hospital · Southbridge, Massachusetts

A former patient, unhappy with care received three weeks earlier, sharpened a knife in the parking lot, walked past security, and stabbed emergency-department nurse Wilson 11 times — neck, face, and arm.

Outcome: Severed brachial artery and nerve damage. She bled out repeatedly, endured ~8.5 hours of surgery and two weeks in ICU on a ventilator and feeding tube. Permanent nerve damage and mobility loss — she never returned to ER nursing.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

No metal detector or weapons screening. The attacker passed security guards unchallenged.

Accountability

Attacker charged with assault with intent to kill and assault & battery with a deadly weapon (final disposition could not be verified). The hospital installed metal detectors, bag searches, limited visitor access, and ran 24/7 police details for months. Wilson became the namesake of “Elise's Law,” a workplace-violence-prevention bill approved by a Massachusetts joint committee in July 2017.

Survived — permanently disabledNo weapons screening

Lynne Truxillo , 56

4 APR 2019 · DIED 11 APR
Baton Rouge General Mid City · Baton Rouge, Louisiana

A behavioural-health patient attacked another nurse at the nurses' station. Truxillo intervened and was grabbed by the neck, her head struck on a desk; she tore her ACL. She finished her shift, was treated, and was sent home.

Outcome: Six days later she returned in respiratory distress and died of a leg blood clot and bilateral pulmonary emboli. The coroner ruled the death a homicide, directly caused by the attack.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

The attack happened at the nurses' station of a behavioural-health unit. No specific documented security failure appears in sources consulted — the pattern failure is that a nurse seriously injured in an assault was sent home, and the injury killed her within the week.

Accountability

The attacker was charged with manslaughter (final disposition could not be verified). Louisiana's workplace-violence-prevention-plan law for regulated facilities was named the “Lynne Truxillo Act.”

KilledLaw named for her

Nancy Tammy Scott

11 JUL 2022
SSM Health DePaul Hospital · Bridgeton, Missouri

While Scott was helping another patient, a patient attacked her from behind with a butcher knife in the triage unit. Paramedic Kayla McMahan was also stabbed; both survived.

Outcome: Her carotid artery and right facial nerve were severely injured. She applied pressure to her own wound and walked herself to care — “I would have been dead in minutes.”

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

A knife-carrying patient reached the triage unit unchallenged. Scott has spoken publicly about previous incidents and the need for security; no formal finding appears in sources consulted.

Accountability

The attacker pleaded guilty to two counts of first-degree assault and was sentenced to 20 years (April 2026). One local report credits the case with prompting a St. Louis County healthcare-violence unit — a single weaker source, treated here as unconfirmed.

SurvivedKnife reached triageAttacker: 20 years

June Onkundi

18 OCT 2022
Freedom House Recovery Center · Durham, North Carolina

A psychiatric nurse practitioner, about three months into the job, was stabbed by her patient in her office.

Outcome: Killed.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

Known-risk patient. The attacker had spent much of his life in prison — a 2006 attempted-rape/kidnapping conviction and a 2019 kidnapping/strangulation conviction — and had been released only ~4 months earlier. He was nonetheless seen in an outpatient setting by a lone clinician.

Accountability

Gomes pleaded guilty to second-degree murder on 26 August 2024 and was sentenced to 24–30 years (WRAL). North Carolina nurses' associations publicly demanded an explanation of the safety gaps.

KilledKnown-risk patientAlone with patient

Katie Annette Flowers , 63

22 OCT 2022
Methodist Dallas Medical Center · Dallas, Texas

A visitor on parole for aggravated robbery — wearing an ankle monitor, permitted to attend his girlfriend's delivery — pistol-whipped his girlfriend, then shot Flowers when she looked into the room. Social worker Jacqueline Pokuaa, 45, was shot first when she entered to provide care.

Outcome: Killed. Pokuaa was also killed — she was a social worker, not a nurse, and is named here because she died in the same event, doing the same work of care.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

A parolee carried a gun inside a maternity unit. The Methodist police chief said police were not warned he would be there, and that a visitor's criminal history is “not something we normally inquire about.”

Accountability

The shooter was convicted of capital murder in November 2023 — life without parole. The hospital increased police presence.

KilledAttacker on parole, ankle monitorGun inside maternity unit

Douglas Brant , 56

1 DEC 2022
Providence Visiting Nurses Association (home health) · Spokane, Washington

On his first visit to a stroke patient, Brant was shot four times by the patient's grandson, who walked in from the kitchen — and shot him again standing over him.

Outcome: Killed.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

No pre-visit risk screening. The shooter had known mental-health issues, a prior assault arrest, and had threatened to shoot people — none of it was flagged to the nurse making a solo first visit.

Accountability

Chandler was found incompetent to stand trial in May 2024 and civilly committed (KHQ). Afterwards Providence offered accompaniment on request and panic alarms, and instituted screening of patients for violence history.

KilledSolo first visitNo risk screening

Joyce Grayson , 63

28 OCT 2023
Visiting nurse (Elara Caring) at a halfway house · Willimantic, Connecticut

A nurse of 36 years went alone to give medication to a patient on probation with electronic monitoring, after 14 years in prison for stabbing and sexually assaulting a woman in 2006. He strangled her; her body was found in the basement.

Outcome: Killed — neck compression and blunt-force injuries.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

Allegation — lawsuit The family alleged the state failed to supervise the patient, failed to detain him on probation violations, and allowed him to be alone with visiting nurses despite his violent past — and that Elara Caring repeatedly ignored workers' safety concerns. OSHA found Elara “exposed home healthcare employees to workplace violence from patients who exhibited aggressive behavior and were known to pose a risk to others.”

Accountability

The killer pleaded guilty to murder — 50 years, no parole (August 2025). Connecticut settled the wrongful-death claims for $2.25 million (September 2025, no admission of wrongdoing). OSHA proposed a fine of ~$161,000–$163,627 against Elara Caring (sources differ on the exact figure; the company contested it). Connecticut passed a 2024 home-health safety law funding alert buttons, buddy escorts, and tracking devices.

KilledKnown-risk patientAloneOSHA finding$2.25M settlement

Justin Bautista , 29

13 NOV 2023
Hawai'i State Hospital transitional group home · Kāne'ohe, Hawai'i

Fatally stabbed by a former patient who had been discharged in August 2023 into a community transition programme but was still living on campus, free to leave and return unsupervised.

Outcome: Killed.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

Known-risk person in an unsecured setting: the attacker had pleaded guilty in 2022 to assaulting another hospital employee in 2020. Allegation — family lawsuit, Nov 2025 Leaders ignored multiple warning signs, chronic overcapacity and staffing problems, housed him in an unsecured unit, and did not check him for weapons after a failed drug test or on his return the day of the stabbing.

Accountability

Indicted for second-degree murder, held without bail; his competency determination was still continuing as of November 2025 reporting. Aftermath: a 48-hour safety stand-down, transitional-unit staffing tightened from 1:5 to 1:3, pat-downs, metal-detector wands and drug tests on return, and a rapid response team. A state workplace-safety fine of $14,187 was settled with the violation downgraded and the monetary penalty removed.

KilledKnown-risk former patientUnsecured unit

Leelamma Lal , 67

18 FEB 2025
HCA Florida Palms West Hospital · Loxahatchee, Florida

A patient held under Florida's Baker Act, awaiting transfer to a psychiatric facility, jumped on Lal in a patient's room and beat her face with his fists — then fled the hospital into traffic. She had given that hospital 21 years.

Outcome: Essentially every bone in her face broken; traumatic brain injury; double vision, balance and cognitive problems a year later; months in ICU and rehab. She has lost her ability to work.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

Allegation — lawsuit filed 18 Feb 2026 The suit says the hospital and Allied Universal ignored previous violent incidents — it cites 3 prior assaults on staff, and another Baker Act incident two weeks later — and placed him in a corner room out of view of the nurses' station with no physical or chemical restraint. The hospital CEO stated an internal review found “all procedures and policies were followed.”

Accountability

The attacker is charged with attempted second-degree murder with a hate-crime enhancement, held without bail (denied again October 2026). Lal sued HCA and Allied Universal in February 2026. After the attack the hospital added a sheriff's workstation in the ER and a deputy posted 40 hours a week.

Survived — cannot workBaker Act holdPrior incidents alleged ignored“All procedures followed”

Tosha Trostle

22 FEB 2025
UPMC Memorial Hospital · York, Pennsylvania

A man whose partner had died in the ICU that week entered the unit with a handgun and zip ties, took staff hostage, and used Trostle as a human shield — the gun pressed to her neck and spine — as police breached. A nurse, a doctor, and a custodian were shot and wounded in the same incident; the wounded nurse was never named in reporting.

Outcome: Survived. The DA's investigation found she suffered a serious head injury in a fall while trying to escape. In her own words, her “physical injuries do not even compare fractionally to what injuries are unseen.” She is included for the severity of the victimisation — held hostage at gunpoint — and this page flags that so the case is never overclaimed.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

The perpetrator was a bereaved visitor/partner, not a patient; he targeted the ICU. No documented institutional failure or policy change appears in sources consulted.

Accountability

The gunman was shot and killed by police. Responding West York Officer Andrew Duarte, 30, was also killed — the DA's investigation found he was struck by fellow officers' rounds during the exchange of fire. No charges were possible against the perpetrator.

SurvivedHostage at gunpointVisitor, not patient

Paige Campbell , 33

2025
Emergency department, HCA facility · Fort Walton Beach, Florida (facility not named in the reporting)

An ED patient she had offered a blanket became aggressive and strangled her. “All I could think was, ‘I can't breathe, I'm going to die here.’”

Outcome: Survived. She left bedside ED nursing for a remote patient-monitoring role.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

Campbell and colleagues had voted to unionise, citing short staffing, unsafe floating, broken equipment, and workplace violence at the HCA facility. Documentation caveat: this case is thinner than the others — the source (Wall Street Journal, 19 Oct 2026) reports no specific physical-injury findings, charges, or facility response. It is included as a named, sourced strangulation case, with that caveat attached.

Accountability

No charges or institutional outcome reported in the source.

SurvivedStrangledThinner documentation — flagged

Ada Doss , 27

12 MAY 2026
DCH Regional Medical Center · Tuscaloosa, Alabama

A nurse case manager walking to her car after her shift, on the phone with her husband, was approached by a man who demanded her purse and keys and shot her once.

Outcome: Killed at the scene. She was the mother of a 6-month-old and a 2-year-old.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure — contested facts

Police and DCH say the shooter was dropped off at his own request for help but never entered the hospital and was never registered as a patient, and loitered on campus for hours. His mother's lawsuit Allegation claims he sought emergency psychiatric evaluation and was refused screening and stabilisation. Her husband's wrongful-death suit Allegation claims security was notified of his erratic behaviour, failed to locate him, and let him roam “shirtless, shoeless and armed” unmonitored for hours; DCH disputes the timeline. Because his patient status is officially disputed, this case is cited as a campus/visitor case — not a confirmed patient case.

Accountability

The shooter is charged with capital murder, held without bond. The wrongful-death suit against DCH and Allied Universal is pending; a judge ruled civil discovery could proceed (August 2026). DCH pledged increased security.

KilledCampus case — patient status disputed

Yanira Eguileor

30 MAY 2026
Jackson Memorial Hospital · Miami, Florida

A career trauma nurse intervened as a patient held under the Baker Act attacked a finance staffer. The patient punched her three times in the head and knocked her to the floor.

Outcome: Left semi-unconscious, with head, neck, spine and back injuries requiring CT scans. On leave; reports she cannot return to work.

The failure & what followed

Institutional failure

Allegation — $5M lawsuit Inadequate security; her attorney says she called for help three times and got “no protection.” Jackson Health disputes this: it says four public-safety specialists are assigned to the ER 24/7 plus two off-duty deputies on campus.

Accountability — and its breakdown

The attacker was charged with felony battery on an emergency medical care provider. The case was initially dismissed in July 2026 because the victims' listed contact information was the hospital's own phone number and address — then prosecutors refiled the charges, and the criminal case is pending. He was held pending transfer to a psychiatric facility. Eguileor's $5M negligence suit against the hospital and Miami-Dade County is pending.

Survived — cannot returnBaker Act holdCharges dismissed, then refiled

The pattern, stated plainly

  • Known risk, again and again: the attacker was a known risk in at least 6 of the 13 — named in the pattern: Baker Act holds (Lal, Eguileor), prior violent convictions (Onkundi, Grayson, Bautista), a parolee with an ankle monitor (Flowers), documented prior assaults on the same campus (Lal, Bautista).
  • Alone: solo, unescorted contact recurs — Grayson, Brant, Onkundi. Home-health and outpatient nurses meet known-risk patients one-on-one, by design of the schedule.
  • Weapons walked in: screening was absent or failed in at least 4 — Wilson, Flowers, Scott, UPMC.
  • Accountability breaks down even after arrest: Eguileor's attacker's charges were dismissed over a paperwork/contact error and had to be refiled; after Lal was beaten nearly to death, the hospital's internal review concluded that “all procedures and policies were followed.”
PART 2

The rates they can't call rare

These are not advocacy numbers. The core figures come from the Bureau of Labor Statistics — employer-reported injuries serious enough to cost days away from work, job transfer, or restriction (DART cases). They are the floor, not the ceiling: they count only what was reported and only what was serious.

Violence-injury rate by sector

Workplace-violence DART cases per 10,000 full-time workers · BLS 2021–2022

Health care & social assistance14.2
Educational services (2nd highest)8.4
All private industry2.9

Newer period, same shape: BLS 2023–24 data analysed by NCCI put healthcare at 11.9 per 10,000 vs. 2.6 all-industry, with a ~70% share of cases. The two periods are not directly comparable — the case definition differs and BLS changed its coding in 2023 — but in both, healthcare's rate is roughly 5× the all-industry rate and its share is roughly 70–73%.

Inside healthcare, the sharpest edge

Same BLS 2021–2022 series, by occupation

543.6

per 10,000 full-time workers — psychiatric aides, the highest rate of any detailed occupation in America. Healthcare support occupations: 13.6. Healthcare practitioners & technical occupations: 7.8 — those two occupation rates are days-away-from-work (DAFW) figures, from a Health Affairs Scholar analysis of BLS data. The BLS factsheet separately counts 14,040 DART cases for practitioners & technical occupations over two years, a median of 12 days lost per case.

And it falls on women: 5.0 vs. 1.4 per 10,000 (women vs. men, all industries) — women were 72.5% of all workplace-violence DART cases.

A widely repeated pairing — “healthcare is 10% of the workforce but 48% of nonfatal violence injuries” — uses a different case definition (injuries, not DART cases) than the 72.8% figure above. Both trace to BLS-derived sources; do not mix them in the same sentence.

Annual counts — the bodies behind the rateFigureSourceType
Health care & social assistance violence DART cases per year (41,960 over 2 years)20,980 / yrBLS, Workplace Violence 2021–2022 factsheetOfficial
Of those, with days away from work (28,970 over 2 years — 69.0%; the rest were transfer/restriction)14,485 / yrBLS 2021–2022Official
Healthcare assault cases with days away from work, newer period (~18,860/yr; the next-largest sector, retail, had 1,835)~18,860 / yrBLS SOII 2023–24, via NCCI analysis, Apr 2026Official data
Workplace homicides, all industries, 2022 — a series high back to 2011524BLS CFOI, in BLS 2021–2022 factsheetOfficial

Why there is no single “latest BLS year”: BLS publishes detailed workplace-violence case data biennially. Every per-year figure above is an annualisation of a two-year total — shown as such. Any source quoting one clean recent per-year BLS number without saying that is hiding the same arithmetic this page shows.

What nurses themselves report — surveys & industry dataFigureSourceType
Nursing staff attacked in the year — up 26% vs. 2017; “well over 1,000 attacks a month” in its national hospital sample; Press Ganey itself says this is likely an undercount2.4% in 2025Press Ganey State of Nursing, via Wall Street Journal (19 Oct 2026) & Becker's (20 Oct 2026). Methodology not verifiable from a primary Press Ganey publication in this researchIndustry
Nurse assaults in a single quarter — 5,217 assaults in 483 facilities, more than 2 per hour in that sample alone. “Assault” = deliberate forcible, unwanted physical or sexual contact, regardless of intent to harm5,217 · Q2 2022Press Ganey NDNQI analysis, 8 Sep 2022Industry
Nurses experiencing at least one type of workplace violence in the past year (verbal threats 67.8%; physical threats 38.7%; pinched/scratched 37.3%); 45.5% saw an increase on their unit. n ≈ 1,000, 48 states + DC81.6%National Nurses United survey of 2023 experiences, released 5 Feb 2024 — union survey, self-selectedSurvey
Nurses slapped, punched, or kicked in the past year (12% groped or inappropriately touched). n = 1,26733%NNU survey, as reported by WSJ, Oct 2026Survey
One in four nurses reported physical assault — ANA's 2019 survey1 in 4ANA survey, 2019 (#EndNurseAbuse)Survey-based
Nurses physically assaulted in the past year — over half of ER nurses. n = 2,09027%Nurse.org State of Nursing 2026 surveySurvey
Emergency physicians who said they or a colleague had been threatened or attacked in the past year; 71% said ED violence was worse than the prior year91%ACEP poll (release 16 Apr 2024) — the question asked whether the respondent or a colleague had been threatened or attackedSurvey

These rows cannot be averaged into one number — they measure three different funnels of the same problem. BLS counts employer-reported injuries serious enough to cost work time. Press Ganey counts reported assaults of any severity in participating hospitals. The surveys count self-reported experiences, including verbal threats. In that order of severity — and the narrowest, hardest funnel still produces a case every half hour.

PART 2 · THE OTHER HALF

The staffing-harm chain

Violence is what understaffing does to nurses. The peer-reviewed literature shows what it does to patients — and it is not a vibe, it is a dose-response: every added patient per nurse measurably raises the odds that a patient dies. Drag the slider. This is the “algorithm” — published in JAMA in 2002 and replicated across nine European countries since.

One more patient per nurse

Aiken et al. (JAMA 2002; 168 Pennsylvania hospitals, ~232,000 surgical patients, 10,184 nurses) found each additional patient per nurse raised the odds of 30-day patient mortality by 7% — and the odds compound with every patient added.

6patients per nurse
4 (baseline)5678910
+14%
higher odds of 30-day patient mortality vs. a 4:1 assignment (1.07n−4)
+14%
higher odds of failure-to-rescue — a patient who develops a complication and is not saved
+51%
higher odds of nurse burnout at this load (Aiken: +23% per added patient)

Model: odds multiplier = 1.07^(patients − 4) for mortality and failure-to-rescue; 1.23^(patients − 4) for burnout; Aiken also found +15% odds of job dissatisfaction per added patient, and that 8 vs. 4 patients per nurse works out to ~+31% mortality odds. Ball et al. (RN4CAST, 2018) replicated the mortality effect in 9 European countries (OR 1.068 per added patient) and found each 10% rise in missed nursing care raised mortality odds ~16% (OR 1.159). This is a published association applied arithmetically — a model, not a ward-level prediction for any individual patient.

Below-target shifts kill, measurably

Needleman et al. (NEJM 2011; 197,961 patients, 176,696 shifts at one academic centre) found each shift with RN staffing 8+ hours below target raised the hazard of death by 2% (HR 1.02) — and each high-turnover shift raised it 4% (HR 1.04). The exposure accumulates shift by shift, patient by patient.

Aiken's 2010 modelling estimated that if New Jersey and Pennsylvania hospitals had staffed at California's mandated ratios — roughly one fewer patient per nurse — surgical deaths would have been an estimated 11–14% lower. A modelled estimate, not a trial — labelled as such.

Peer-reviewed

Falls: the harm with a stopwatch

AHRQ estimates 700,000–1,000,000 hospitalised patients fall every year in the US — 3–5 falls per 1,000 bed-days — and more than a third of in-hospital falls cause injury. NDNQI data (Bouldin et al., 2013; 1,263 hospitals, 88M patient days) put it precisely: 3.56 total falls and 0.93 injurious falls per 1,000 patient days — 26.1% of falls injure. Medical units run higher (1.08 injurious) than surgical (0.67). Note: the NDNQI data years are 2006–08 — the rate is peer-reviewed but not new.

Falls are the staffing-sensitive harm a layperson can picture: a patient who needs help to the bathroom, a call light, and not enough nurses on the floor to answer it in time.

Official · AHRQ / peer-reviewed
PART 3

The cadence — show the division

“One in every X” is just an annual count divided into the minutes in a year (525,600). Here is every cadence on this page with its inputs exposed, so anyone can check the arithmetic — and so the difference between an official count and an extrapolation is never blurred. Use the official cadences in testimony. The extrapolation is labelled illustrative, and it stays that way.

One injury every ~28 minutes

A US healthcare worker suffers an assault injury with days away from work. Newest period available.

Show the math
Input: ~18,860 healthcare assault DAFW cases / year (BLS SOII 2023–24, annualised by NCCI, Apr 2026) 525,600 min ÷ 18,860 = 27.9 min Caveat: BLS changed its coding in 2023 — do not present this and the 2021–22 figure as a clean trend.
Official dataIndustry analysis (NCCI)
One injury every ~36 minutes

Same measure, the last dedicated BLS workplace-violence factsheet period.

Show the math
Input: 28,970 DAFW violence cases in health care & social assistance over 2021–2022 (BLS) 28,970 ÷ 2 = 14,485 / year 525,600 min ÷ 14,485 = 36.3 min
Official · BLS
One DART case every ~25 minutes

Broader official definition: days away, job restriction, or transfer (DART).

Show the math
Input: 41,960 DART cases over 2021–2022 (BLS) 41,960 ÷ 2 = 20,980 / year 525,600 min ÷ 20,980 = 25.1 min
Official · BLS
One assault every ~25 minutes — in 483 hospitals alone

Press Ganey counted 5,217 assaults in one quarter inside just its 483 sampled facilities — a fraction of US hospitals, matching the national official cadence, because it counts assaults of all severities.

Show the math
Input: 5,217 assaults in 483 NDNQI facilities, Q2 2022 = 91 days = 2,184 hours (Press Ganey) 5,217 ÷ 2,184 = 2.39 assaults / hour 60 ÷ 2.39 = 25.1 min
Industry · Press Ganey
One attack at least every ~44 minutes

Press Ganey's own 2025 framing: 2.4% of nursing staff attacked, “well over 1,000 attacks a month” in its national hospital sample. The math below uses the floor of 1,000 — the real cadence in that sample is faster.

Show the math
Input: ≥1,000 attacks / month (floor) (Press Ganey State of Nursing 2025, via WSJ) 1,000 × 12 = 12,000 / year 525,600 min ÷ 12,000 = 43.8 min
Industry · Press Ganey
700,000–1,000,000 patients fall every year

The patient side of the ledger. AHRQ counts hospitalised patients who fall — not fall events: 3–5 falls per 1,000 bed-days, and more than a third of in-hospital falls cause injury.

Show the math
Input: 700,000–1,000,000 hospitalised patients fall each year (AHRQ estimate) AHRQ's unit is patients who fall, not discrete fall events — so this page does not convert it into a per-second event cadence. Rate: 3–5 falls per 1,000 bed-days (AHRQ)
Official estimate · AHRQ

The one number on this page you should not quote as fact

If Press Ganey's 2.4% attack prevalence were applied to all 3,282,010 employed RNs in the US (BLS OEWS, May 2024), the arithmetic gives 78,768 attacked RNs a year — one every ~7 minutes. That figure appears in conversation constantly, so it is shown here — with its label on: it is an illustration, not a count. Press Ganey's “nursing staff” is broader than RNs, its sample is its client hospitals rather than a national probability sample, and “attacked” is undefined in the secondary reporting. The honest weapons are the official cadences above: every ~28 minutes, on the government's own count. That is already indefensible — it doesn't need inflating.

PART 4

Do their math

$20,000 sign-on bonus. Five years.

Break it down: $4,000 a year. $1.92 an hour.

Nineteen years of service gets a ten-cent raise.

Quit in year two and the bonus claws back — figured pre-tax, paid back post-tax. She can owe them money on the way out.

That's their arithmetic. Do it yourself.

THE MINUTE

One minute, nineteen seconds

In one minute and 19 seconds, your nurse has to answer a call bell. Assess the gravity of the situation. Change the light to blue. Start compressions. Call for the code cart. Call the patient's provider. Take orders with a phone held by her shoulder to her ear — while she starts compressions. Give report to the first help through the door. Sweat and tears stream down her face.

This is not the patient in Room 6. It's Coach Jerry — her daughter's youth soccer coach. It's the woman from the post office who gets her co-workers to match the gift baskets we send to our loved ones overseas. It's your neighbor.

AIDET is on her badge. A stethoscope tattoo and a heartbeat are on her forearm.

The badge and the person wearing it no longer play for the same team.

THE GAPS

What could not be verified — said out loud

An evidence file that hides its gaps is just propaganda with footnotes. These are this file's gaps, and the real cases that were excluded — with the reason for each.

Open questions & exclusions

  1. Final criminal dispositions not verified for two attackers: Jessie Guillory (Truxillo — charged with manslaughter) and Conor O'Regan (Wilson — charges). No sentence is stated for either of them anywhere on this page.
  2. Excluded — the victims were never named in reputable reporting, though the incidents are real: Encino Hospital Medical Center, CA (3 Jun 2022 — two nurses and a physician stabbed, critical); Duke Raleigh Hospital, NC (29 Jul 2022 — nurse punched unconscious, broken nose and eye socket); New Hanover Regional Medical Center, NC (18 Jan 2022 — two ED staff choked/strangled; attacker sentenced Mar 2025); Heywood Hospital, Gardner MA (12 Jun 2023 — nurse cut in the neck near the carotid); East Alabama Medical Center (24 Jun 2021 — nurse stabbed in the chest; name redacted in court reporting). This page requires names; unnamed, they would still lengthen it.
  3. Excluded — perpetrator was not a patient or visitor: Carlie Beaudin, nurse practitioner, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee (25 Jan 2019) — murdered by a former contracted valet. Patrice Wilson, Detroit Receiving Hospital (13 May 2023) — shot by an ex-boyfriend (domestic violence). Both are genuine workplace homicides in care settings, outside this file's patient/visitor scope.
  4. Excluded — victim was not a nurse: Kevin Robinson, Prisma Health Tuomey, SC (attacked 27 May 2022, died days later; death ruled a homicide) was a mental-health technician. Jacqueline Pokuaa (Dallas) was a social worker — named within the Flowers event only.
  5. Excluded — undated: Susan Lander, Holy Family Hospital, Methuen MA — strangled unconscious by a psychiatric patient, per her October 2023 legislative testimony; the source gives no date for the incident itself.
  6. Press Ganey's 2025 methodology (which facilities and staff are in the sample behind the 2.4% figure) could not be verified from a primary Press Ganey publication in this research — the figure was verified through Wall Street Journal and Becker's reporting of the State of Nursing report.
  7. A counting note, for the record: this page counts seven of the thirteen nurses as killed, following the research file's own case-by-case table — Flowers, Truxillo, Onkundi, Grayson, Brant, Bautista, and Doss. The research summary's shorter fatal list omits Justin Bautista, whose table entry records him as fatally stabbed on 13 Nov 2023. Where the summary and the table disagree, this page follows the table and says so.
  8. Conflicting figures are carried as ranges, not resolved: OSHA's proposed fine against Elara Caring appears as $161,000 (AP) and $163,627 (HIPAA Journal); healthcare's share of workplace violence appears as 72.8%, ~70%, and 48% — each correct under a different definition, none interchangeable.
PROVENANCE

Sources

All read 2 November 2026. Official and peer-reviewed sources first; case reporting below them.

Official / peer-reviewed

Industry / survey

Case reporting (selected)

THE ABSENCES

THE UNCOUNTED — the numbers that don't exist

Everything above this section was counted — by the government, by researchers, by the industry itself. What follows was not. These are the numbers that don't exist, named, because an unnamed absence is just a blank nobody has to answer for.

01 Official count: none published

THE UNCOUNTED DEAD

Nurses killed by homicide at work have no official number. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes workplace-violence injuries by the tens of thousands — and publishes no homicide count for nurses. The cell is empty. The named dead are on this page. The national count does not exist.

02 Official total: never counted

THE UNCOUNTED BILL

No one has ever totaled what nurses pay out of pocket for therapy and treatment to repair what the job did to them. One nurse in biweekly therapy pays about $3,600 a year of her own money. Across the profession it is certainly billions. It has never been counted, so it has never been owed.

03 Official statistic: never surveyed

THE UNCOUNTED ABSENCE

There is no US statistic for nurses who cannot get off shift to see their own doctor. It has never been surveyed. Every nurse alive knows it anecdotally. Officially, it does not exist.

04 Sampled rate: does not exist

THE UNCOUNTED VIOLATION

There is no scientifically sampled rate for the sexual assault of nurses by patients. What exists instead: surveys nurses opt into (11.8% report being groped, National Nurses United, 2025–26) and a system that counts staff rape as a sentinel event while only about 30% of nurses ever report what happens to them.

What the system won't count, we will.

We are the machine. We are not asking for a seat at the table. We are not even demanding it.

We built the table. Without us, no one sits.

Nurses are healthcare.